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A firefighter who had been sent to Grenfell Tower on the night of the fire has spoken of his frustration that senior officers did not abandon the stay put policy earlier despite his efforts to warn them.
Key points:
Norman Harrison, a watch manager with 25 years’ service, said as soon as he saw the extent of the fire when he arrived just after 1:30am on Wednesday 15 June he knew the stay put policy “should no longer apply”.
Mr Harrison said that he initially hoped that only the exterior of the building was alight, and that he had immediately assumed that the cladding was burning.
“I remember thinking it wasn’t something I was expecting to see in this country because I thought the regulation would preclude putting something on the outside of the tower which would propagate flames quite so easily,” he said.
He said when he moved closer to the building he realised that the fire was coming from inside the flats as well as the outside.
“I was truly shocked at such a big fire over so many floors,” he said. “When we usually fight a fire in a high rise we expect a fire to be contained.”
He said he estimated that it would take at least 15 minutes per floor to fight the fire to the top of the building, meaning it would take around six hours to access the highest flats.
Mr Harrison said: “In reality I didn’t think that there would be an opportunity to rescue people on the upper floors and I strongly felt that the advice needed to be changed from the stay put policy to almost a simultaneous decision to evacuate.”
He explained that he spoke to a group of senior managers within minutes of assessing the scene. “I suggested that someone tell our control operators to change that advice as soon as possible. I recall that some discussion took place,” he said.
“It was mentioned that there was only one escape route – there would have been lots of firefighting hose within the very narrow stairwell.
“I then asked if it was possible to use our emergency air supply equipment... I never got answered.”
The stay put policy was not changed until 2.47am, around 45 minutes after Mr Harrison said he had expressed his concerns.
Mr Harrison said he believed the firefighters were in a “lose-lose situation”. “People were going to die that morning. It was just a matter of how many,” he said.
Later the inquest heard from firefighter Adam Johnson, who described how he had single-handedly carried an unconscious woman out of the burning building amid thick smoke.
Mr Johnson explained how he and another firefighter, Terry Roots, repeatedly climbed the stairs in the tower looking for people trapped in their homes.
Having already searched a flat on the fourth floor, the pair were sent to the 19th floor where Nicholas Burton and his wife Maria Del Pilar Burton lived. Mr Johnson told the inquest how Mrs Burton had “collapsed instantly” when they opened the door to the flat.
“She was conscious but very limp,” Mr Johnson told the inquiry, describing how he carried the woman down the stair while Mr Roots helped Mr Burton.
“It was a real struggle to get her down,” he said, adding: “I had to keep going down each flight to the landing or half-landing and readjusting my grip of them.”
He later encountered two further firefighters who helped him down bring the woman down the stairs. Both Mr and Mrs Burton survived the fire, but Mrs Burton died in hospital in January after suffering a stroke.
Mr Johnson’s told the inquest that it had been “pitch black” on the inside of the building with smoke so thick that he struggled to read door numbers on individual flats.
“I do not know if you could prepare for a fire like that, no matter what equipment you have,” he said. “The extent of it was like nothing-ever encountered before.”
Closing statements
Day 85: victims' lawyers attack the fire brigade
Further expert evidence
Including some additional evidence from emergency call handlers, bereaved and relatives
Day 84: further evidence from survivors and relatives
Day 83: swift evacuation of tower possible if residents alerted
Day 82: initial fire was extinguished but then returned to the flat
Day 81: overheating fridge-freezer most likely cause of fire
Day 80: fire doors installed did not match product tested
Day 79: resident advised to stay put despite fire in flat
Day 78: insulation and cladding material below required standard
Day 77: molten plastic spread blaze down tower
Day 76: 'stay put' should be dropped when fire spreads across floors
Other witness evidence
Police, ambulance, gas suppliers, council, TMO and call room operators give evidence
Day 75: call room operators give evidence
Day 74: further evidence from TMO officers
Day 73: TMO boss failed to pass information to firefighters
Day 72: fire finally extinguished when gas switched off
Day 71: further questions over stay put advice
Day 70: the police evidence
The bereaved, survivors and relatives’ evidence
Day 69: video shows smoke billowing through fire door
Day 68: KCTMO removed self closing mechanism and never replaced it
Day 67: gaps in cladding fixed with duct tape
Day 66: 'don't fix broken system with a sticking plaster'
Day 65: survivor dragged disabled man down nine floors to safety
Day 64: KCTMO 'did not replace broken fire door'
Day 63: foam insulation inside cladding 'exposed' says survivor
Day 62: father gives harrowing account of son's death
Day 61: council’s management organisation slammed for faulty electrics
Day 60: stay put advice ‘led to deaths’, residents say
Day 59: residents describe problems with new windows
Day 58: survivor describes how daughter saved his life
Day 57: firefighter evidence ‘a slap in the face’, says survivor
Day 56: relations with contractor were ‘toxic’
Day 55: resident 'never happy' with stay-put advice
Day 54: tenant gives evidence about housing association
Day 53: stay put advice 'felt like trap'
Day 52: resident saved by son's phone call
The firefighters’ evidence
Day 51: firefighter feared encouraging residents to jump
Day 50: the LFB commissioner
Day 49: fire chief reveals frustration over lack of building plans
Day 48: internal fire spread 'bigger story' than cladding
Day 47: fire officer considered evacuating crews over building collapse fears
Day 46: 'we were improvising' senior firefighter admits
Day 45: firefighter urged for abandonment of 'stay put' policy
Day 44: firefighter recalls radio signal difficulties
Day 43: call hander 'uncomfortable' with insisting residents stay put
Day 42: residents only told to leave if they called fire brigade back
Day 41: breathing equipment delay 'hampered rescues on upper floors'
Day 40: chiefs told firefighters to abandon policy
Day 39: firefighters reveal dramatic rescue of children
Day 38: firefighters issue aplogies to families
Day 37: council 'unable to provide tower plans'
Day 36: QC defends inquiry process
Day 35: Javid would welcome interim recommendations
Day 34: water from hose 'too weak' to reach the flames
Day 33: 'oh my god, we've been telling people to stay put'
Day 32: further fire fighter describes lack of equipment and low water pressure
Day 31: 'incredibly difficult' task of recording information outlined
Day 30: struggle to maintain control over rescue operation described
Day 29: fire service 'overwhelmed' by survival guidance calls
Day 28: 'the building beat us'
Day 27: firefighters 'forced to abandon plans to reach roof'
Day 26: poor signage hindered rescue efforts
Day 25: water pressure left firefighting equipment 'like garden hose'
Day 24: decision to abandon 'stay put' explored
Day 23: TV images 'could have assissted' rescue effort
Day 22: description of hectic scenes in the control centre
Day 21: account from the fire service 'nerve centre'
Day 20: firefighter describes 'huge volume' of calls from trapped residents
Day 19: firefighter 'given no training on cladding fires'
Day 18: evacuation would have been 'huge catastrophe'
Day 17: firefighters describe access and lift issues
Day 16: scenes of carnage likened to 9/11
Day 15: firefighters recount trauma of survival guidance calls
Day 14: firefighters describe spread of blaze
Day 13: firefighters recall radio difficulties
Day 12: "it was like a war zone"
Day 11: questions raised over fire fighters' radios
Day 10: watch manager emotional under questioning
Day nine: lead firefighter 'not trained in stay put policy'
The expert reports: authors give evidence to inquiry
Day eight: where the fire started
Day seven: what was in the cladding?
Day six: the cause and spread of the fire
Day five: expert highlights key issues
Day four: firefighters defend response to fire
Day three: council and contractors appear for the first time
Day two: lawyers for the survivors make their case
Day one: expert evidence released on cladding and stay put
The commemoration hearings
30 May: Grenfell Council 'recognised it should not house disabled victim above four storeys'
29 May: Anger on day six of the Grenfell Inquiry
25 May: Grenfell families 'forced to live in chimney with stay put policy'
24 May: Grenfell family complained about father being housed on 17th floor
23 May: Tributes to children on third day of Grenfell hearings
22 May: Emotions run high as Grenfell bereaved shown footage of the tower burning
21 May: Grenfell victims share tributes as inquiry opens